Cultivation techniques of Hawthorn

Site selection seedling raising of Hawthorn

Select the flat, hilly and mountainous gentle slope sections with deep and fertile soil layer, and the southeast slope is the most appropriate, followed by the north slope and northeast slope. We should pay attention to water storage, drainage and irrigation and drought prevention.

The seedlings cultivated with Hawthorn Seeds are called seedling rootstocks. Seedlings of Rootstocks need to be grafted to become hawthorn for cultivation. Hawthorn seed shell is thick and hard, and the seed is not easy to absorb water, expand or crack. In addition, the seed kernel has a long dormancy period and difficult emergence. Therefore, hawthorn seeds must be treated in advance before sowing in order to ensure their germination rate.

Field management

Deep ploughing, ripening and soil improvement: ploughing the soil in the garden or deep planing the tree tray is an effective measure to retain water, eliminate weeds, loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, improve soil fertility and promote root growth.

Apply fertilizer

Strip application, i.e. horizontal furrow fertilization between rows; Whole garden spreading, that is, when the Hawthorn root system has covered the whole garden, the fertilizer can be scattered on the surface, and then turned into the soil 20 cm deep; Hole application, that is, when applying liquid fertilizer (human feces and urine), evenly dig 6 ~ 12 holes under the tree canopy according to different directions, pour fertilizer into holes 30 ~ 40 cm deep, and then clean the soil.

Pruning branch

The pruning of hawthorn fruit trees is the same as that of general fruit trees.

Winter pruning

Prevent internal gaping and baldness. Because the hawthorn tree is easy to branch on the periphery, the periphery is often closed, the inner chamber twigs grow weakly, the dead branches increase year by year, and the middle and lower parts of large branches at all levels are gradually bare. The measures to prevent barren inner bore should adopt the principle of combining thinning, shrinking and cutting to transform, renew and rejuvenate, sparse the rotating backbone branches and the surrounding dense large branches, competitive branches, bare branches, pest branches, shrink and cut the weak main and side branches, select the buds at appropriate parts for minor regeneration, and cultivate the strong branch group, The methods of heavy cutting and rejuvenation of weak branches and cutting and increasing branches on the buds of bare parts were reformed.

Less short cut. After the Hawthorn Tree enters the fruiting period, all new shoots with full growth can differentiate into flower buds, so the method of short cutting should be less used in Hawthorn pruning to protect the flower buds.

Complex potential. After the Hawthorn Tree enters the fruiting period, it bears fruit continuously for many years, resulting in the drooping of branches, the gradual weakening of growth potential, the scorched shoots of backbone branches and the decline of yield. The branches should be renewed in time to restore the tree vigor. For the branches that bear fruit continuously for many years or other long branches, drooping branches, scorched branches and long branches that have been born for many years, retract to the strong branches at the back, and take the lead with the back branches, so as to enhance the growth potential and promote the increase of yield.

Summer pruning

Sparse branches. Hawthorn has a strong ability to shoot new shoots. Generally, 2 ~ 3 lateral buds at the top of branches can shoot strong branches. Many branches are distributed around the crown every year, so that the crown is closed and the ventilation and light transmission are poor. Improper and excessive branches should be removed as soon as possible. Remove all the sprouting branches of lateral buds at the lower part of the inflorescence, overcome the bare bare middle and lower parts of large branches at all levels, and prevent the fruit parts from moving outward.

Pull the branch. In summer, for the branches with vigorous growth and space, after the new shoots stop growing in late July, flatten the branches, slow down the potential, promote flowering and increase the yield.

Pick your heart. In the first and middle of May, when the inner chamber branch of the tree crown grows to 30 ~ 40 cm, leave 20 ~ 30 cm to pick the heart, promote the formation of flower buds and cultivate a compact fruiting branch group.

Girdling. It is generally carried out on the auxiliary branches, and the girdling width is 1 / 10 of the thickness of the stripped branches.

Pest control

Hawthorn pests mainly include red spider, peach fruit borer and peach borer, and the diseases include ring rot and powdery mildew.

Watering

Generally, water is poured four times a year. If there are irrigation conditions in spring, water is poured once after topdressing to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. Fertilize the flowers and increase the fruit setting rate after watering. Water once after wheat harvest to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Water the sealed and frozen water in time in winter to facilitate the safe overwintering of trees.