Cultivation technology of ginseng - part 1

Site preparation of ginseng

Site selection: The best forest for ginseng planting is broad-leaved forest or natural secondary forest, and the terrain is preferably sloped, which can effectively avoid water accumulation. The north slope, southeast slope and northwest slope are more conducive to the growth of ginseng, and the slope is between 10 and 25°. If it is transplanted ginseng, it is best to choose soil with a humus soil layer of 10-15 cm, the lower layer is yellow clay, the middle layer is living loess, and the pH value needs to be controlled between 4.6 and 5.8.

Land preparation: After selecting the land, plough at least once before freezing, and plough and fertilize again after thawing in the spring. In the future, make sure to plough once every two months. When ploughing, break up large clods and remove debris, so as to provide a loose and clean soil environment for ginseng planting.

The transplanting time is mostly autumn (before freezing). In spring, the wind is strong, it is difficult to maintain soil moisture, and the temperature is sometimes lowered, which is easy to cause frozen seedlings; the high temperature in summer is easy to make ginseng seedlings infected, and the seedlings need to be replenished after death; in autumn, high temperature and severe cold can be avoided, which is suitable for transplanting. Transplanting ginseng generally adopts the two-four system or three-three system, that is, two-year-old transplanting, six-year-old harvesting; three-year-old transplanting, six-year-old harvesting.

When transplanting, in order to avoid damage to the ginseng seedlings, be careful when digging out. To prevent ginseng seedlings from being exposed to wind and strong light, they can be packed in wooden boxes. Choose healthy and complete ginseng seedlings and transplant them according to different sizes to avoid mixing planting and affecting yield. On the day of transplanting, the seedling roots should be sterilized by soaking in 1:120 Bordeaux mixture for 10 minutes, 10% garlic juice or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 15 minutes. Do not soak reed heads.

When transplanting the woodland, plant from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope. Slot the ginseng horizontally on the border, place the ginseng seedlings in the groove, and plant the head of the ginseng seedlings in the downhill direction. The depth and width of the groove should be enough to place the ginseng without bending the whiskers , to ensure that the bottom of the groove is flat. The row-to-plant spacing is 20-25 cm, 10-15 cm. After the ginseng seedlings are transplanted and covered, the border surface is scraped, covered with 6-10 cm thick soil, covered with leafy branches or seedless weeds, and then pressed with an appropriate amount of soil to maintain soil temperature and humidity. 

Because there is no natural slope of the forest land for field transplanting, the method of tilting the ginseng seedlings by 30~45° is generally adopted. The overall situation is similar to that of woodland transplanting. When covering the soil, you can press some fine sand at the reed head of the ginseng seedlings to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. According to the soil fertility, 2/3 and 1/3 fertilizers can be applied under and above the ginseng seedlings respectively to ensure sufficient nutrients. Do not directly contact the fertilizer with the ginseng seedlings.